First (FCE) B2 Key Word Transformations – Conditionals

By B2, learners taking an exam should be comfortable using conditionals, which is why we’ve designed 10 First (FCE) conditionals transformations. The key-word transformations activity, Use of English Part 4, is one of the likely areas that where you may encounter conditionals (they could also pop up in Use of English Part 2, the open cloze).

The important thing at this level is perfecting conditionals. You shouldn’t be stumbling around them or having to think carefully about the grammar. It should come naturally. What that requires is practice. Conditionals are formulaic to an extent, but also have certain flexibility which can be glossed over in grammar rules.

There are even more conditional transformations featured in the book 250 Key Word Transformations. They can be found alongside several other language areas, such as reported speech, dependent prepositions and phrasal verbs.

GET 250 B2 FIRST (FCE) KEY WORD TRANSFORMATIONS:

Types of Conditionals

There are five types of conditionals that a B2 student should be able to use comfortably. At more advanced levels, we can start to pick these conditionals apart, but for B2, make sure that you’ve got the basics covered.

Zero conditional – If I see someone eating, I get hungry – These conditionals describe situations that are always true. We use present tenses in both the conditional clause and the consequence.

1st conditional – If I pass my exam, I will celebrate – This is a real situation with a real consequence. The conditionals are based in reality, but the future consequence is dependent on meeting the conditional. We use present + future. Be careful with other conjunctions which can substitute if (e.g. unless, when, as soon as)

2nd conditional – If I had enough money, I would buy a house – Now we are discussing hypothetical situations. The conditional clause is an unreal situation with a corresponding unreal consequence. These can be either unrealistic situations or impossible ones. We use past tenses in the conditional clause and modal verbs for the consequence. B2 level is a good time to introduce 2nd conditionals with provided/as long as.

3rd conditional – If I had gone to university, I would have been more successful – This is where we start discussing the past. An unreal past condition with an unreal past consequence. To form this conditional, you need to use past perfect and a past modal.

Mixed conditionals – If I had made a sandwich, I wouldn’t be hungry at the moment – Mixed conditionals are a combination of the 2nd and 3rd. It’s an unreal past condition with an unreal present consequence. While they may appear confusing at first, mixed conditionals are actually quite common because we constantly lament our past and how it affects our present. Use the past perfect and a modal verb to form them. Note that mixed conditionals can also be flipped and have a permanent unreal situation with an unreal past consequence, but this is less common.

Learn about conditionals in even more detail with our post on real and unreal conditional sentences.

The materials

After you’ve covered the grammar and done a nice fun communicative task using conditionals, your students still need to practice seeing the grammar in an exam format.

Here, we have 10 transformations using conditionals. They have been designed to be challenging. I often find transformations with conditionals in course books are too easy, but these will force your students to push the limits of their grammar knowledge.

EXAM PART: Use of English Part 4 – Key Word Transformations

EXAM SKILLS: Using grammar appropriate to the level (B2), transformations

TIME: 20 minutes + feedback

PREPARATION: One copy of the worksheet per student

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